26 septembre 2025

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Yon ti limyè sou avan pwojè Konstitisyon an

7 min read

Mwen salye tout pèp Ayisyen an. Mwen kontan jan deba sou avan pwojè Konstitisyon ap dewoule a e se te vizyon Komite Pilotaj la sa. Remèt yon avan pwojè pou tout pèp la reyaji nan respè yonn pou lòt. M ap genyen pou m fè yon antretyen epi esplike chak atik yon fason pou eseye pote eklèsisman pou moun ki bezwen sa epi evite divèsyon. Men, m ap pwofite kase kou kèk rimè ak manti ki pa gen sans, mwen vle nou li sa m pral di a epi li avan pwojè Konstitisyon an epi reflechi.

Genyen moun ki bay manti e di, se pou blan ak patwon potoprens Konstitisyon sa fèt. M ap di yo, se manti. Se pou premye fwa yon travay konsa fèt nan peyi a, pa gen dilatwa, pa gen blan epi pa gen patwon ladan l. M ap esplike sa m di a :

Eske si se pou blan yo te fè Konstitisyon an, yo te ka pa chanje atik ki ba etranje dwa gen tè a? M ap raple pou nou, etranje pa vle di dyaspora. Li vle di yon lòt nasyon. Nan pwojè Konstitisyon sa, se menm atik ki trete kesyon dwa pwopriyete pou etranje a nan Konstitisyon 1987 amande a, se menm li menm ki konsève nan pwojè Konstitisyon sa. Kidonk, blan fè Konstitisyon an kont tèt li? Se sa nou vle di? Enben reflechi, blan pa gen kontwòl Konstitisyon sa. Eske si se pou blan pwojè Konstitisyon sa te fèt atik ki pwoteje lafamiy nan konstitisyon 1987 amande a t ap rete menm jan? Reflechi tande pèp ayisyen.

Pou moun ki di, se travay patwon pòtoprens yo nou fè. Patwon pòtoprens yo, se elit politik ak ekonomik ki pa vle desantralizasyon reyèl la, pou tout bidjè Leta rete pòtoprens yon fason pou se sèlman yo ki gen tout privilèj. Men, m ap raple nou espresyon sa pa vle di popilasyon ki ap viv nan depatman Lwès la. Popilasyon lwès la, viktim menm jan ak tout depatman epi yo bezwen devlòpman tou. Jodya, si n byen li avan pwojè a, n ap wè genyen yon Desantralizasyon reyèl ki fèt. Li pa fèt sèlman nan yon tèks lwa tankou Konstitisyon 1987 amande a fè l non, li fèt nan bidjè Leta tou. Avan pwojè Konstitisyon an di, lè bidjè Leta ap fèt plis pase mwatye ladan l, pral jwenn depatman yo epi mwatye nan bidjè depatman yo, pral jwenn komin yo. Sa vle di kisa, tout moun nèt pral jwenn.

Pwojè Konstitisyon an mete fen nan Repiblik pòtoprens. Si w se yon antreprenè, kit ou nan depatman Sidès kit ou nan Nòdès, elatriye, antrepriz ou an ap ka fè afè ak Leta, ou pa bezwen chache ankenn enfliyans chef pòtoprens. Anplis, avan pwojè a mete vrè otorite nan depatman yo pou kondwi devlòpman, tankou yon gouvènè k ap jere bidjè a epi fè gran pwojè nan depatman yo. Konnya se pa yon prezidan oubyen yon palmantè ki ap bay yon depatman oubyen yon komin yon ti kòb, men se Konstitisyon an menm ki ap di, me kòb pou yo genyen. M ap di nou, sa se yonn nan pati ki bay tout pwoblèm nan, menmsi w wè yo pa di w sa klè.

Eske nou pa wè anpil reprezantan sistèm peze souse ki ap pwoteje Repiblik pòtoprens lan di, nou divize peyi a, san yo paka montre anyen epi pote ankenn prèv. Mwen te deja konnen se konsa l t ap ye. Yo ap goumen, pou fè pèp la rayi sa ki bon pou li.

Eske nou pa wè tout mèt sistèm nan pale kont avan pwojè oubyen yo pa pale? Eske nou pa remake mwen ki yon ti nèg andeyò, ki pa gen gwo kontak pòtoptens, se mwen ki pran angajman ak lòt moun nan komite pilotaj la pou esplike nou li? Yo ap fè nou rayi m ki ap defann nou an. Enben, fè m kredi, pa kite emosyon ale ak nou, pa swiv kouran, pwojè Konstitisyon sa pral pèmèt yon devlòpman reyèl nan peyi a ki ap pase atravè yon desantralizasyon konstitisyonèl e efektiv.

Lòt bagay m ap di moun ki fè dwa yo epi ki nan sistèm jistis la, ki pa vle pale yo oubyen ki pale kont pou fè kliyan yo ki pa vle Desantralizasyon ak endepandans pouvwa yo plezi. Eske nou pa remake, pwojè Konstitisyon sa, rann pouvwa jidisyè pi endepandan ? Eske nou pa remake yon minis p ap ka rele yon jij pou di l arete tèl moun oubyen pwoteje tèl lòt ki zanmi l? Tout jij yo vin genyen yon mandan. Jij kasasyon yo vin avi epi yo paka chwazi yo deyò sistèm jidisyè a. Komisè gouvènman yo vin genyen yon manda kòm pwokirè Repiblik la e yo sispann restavèk minis jistis la ak palmantè enfliyan. Pou m site sa yo sèlman. Kidonk, genyen yon sistèm karyè ki enstore nan sistèm jidisyè a ak nouvo pwojè Konstitisyon sa.

Pou egzekitif ak lejistif la, eske nou pa konstate dilatwa ak chantaj nan palman fini? Eske nou pa wè koze palmantè tonbe mande lajan pou l vote premye minis lan fini? Eske nou pa wè koze prezidan minè a, li mèt gaspiye lajan peyi a, ankenn moun paka jije l la fini? Enben, si se yon Konstitisyon patwon pòtoprens, atik ki di prezidan responsab tout ak li, kote l vin yon òdonatè a, yo patap janm la. Atik ki di si w senatè oubyen depite, ou paka gen lòt avantaj ke salè w la li patap janm la. Kidonk, anpil moun ki ap pale yo, se kont yo kont prensip sa yo. Yo paka montre yon atik ki kont devlòpman pèp la.

Pou enstitisyon endepandan yo. Eske nou pa remake ULCC vin yon enstitisyon ki totalman endepandan pou mare nèg ki ap fè koripsyon ak yon manda 7 ane epi se pa prezidan ki nome konsèy la sèlman. Epi yo paka revoke moun yo ki ladan an? Enben m konseye n reflechi.

Pou Lakoudèkont, eske nou pa remake koze palmantè ap ba tèt yo dechaj lè yo fin gaspiye lajan nan palman fini? Eske nou pa remake koze palmantè responsab ba moun dechaj la fini paske se pati politik ki voye yo, yo paka nan ba moun dechaj? Kidonk, se selman lakoudèkont ki otorize pou bay dechaj nan tout endepandans epi li genyen selman yon ane pou pi plis, pou l trete yon dosye. Poze tèt nou kesyon poukisa tout mèt sistèm nan kont avan pwojè a epi yo paka avanse yon atik menm? Reflechi.

Lòt bagay, eske nou pa wè avan pwojè Konstitisyon an di 4% PIB a pral ale nan Edikasyon peyi a? Poze tèt nou kesyon poukisa se PIB yo di, yo pa di 4 % bidjè a. Poze tèt nou kesyon konbyen yo evalye ki ale konnya. Enben, pou konnya done yo montre se 1,1% ki ale nan sistèm edikatif. M ap di nou, se 8 % li tap genyen pou sistèm edikatif la, aprè anpil opozisyon, li rete a 4 % . Kidonk, se yon gwo gwo avanse. Plis Ayiti ap fè pwogrè, plis kòb prale nan edikasyon.

Kidonk, lè w tande yon moun di w Konstitisyon patwon, eske patwon an renmen avantaj pas pèp la pase tèt li. Poze tèt ou kesyon poukisa tout gwo nèg nan potoprens kont. Eske nou pa panse yo te rive yon moman yo pèdi kontwòl avan pwojè Konstitisyon an? Eske nou pa panse sa yo te vle yo pa pase? Eske nou pa panse se sa ki ap bon pou pèp la sèlman ki pase?

Poze tèt nou kesyon, poukisa anpil gwo zotobre pòtoprens gentan pwopoze pou yo kreye yon lòt komisyon pou modifye sa ki la epi yo tou site non gwo gwo avoka ki pou ladan l?

Poze tèt nou kesyon depi kilè yon pwojè Konstitisyon kont fèt, pou se nèg ki gwo chabrak pòtoprens ki ap kritike l? Si n raple n, sou prezidan Preval, lè yo t ap amande Konstitisyon an epi fente nou ak yo fo desantralizasyon kote otorite lokal yo genyen misyon, san bidjè a, se gwo chabrak pòtoprens ki t ap defann li tout kote. Se gwo jounal yo ki te ekri pou li. Jodya, moun sa yo di w si w fè desantralizasyon sa, peyi ap divize epi li p ap ka gouvène. Se pa peyi a ki ap divize. Se bidjè a ki repati nan tout depatman yo. Se sa yo pa vle di nou.

Se pou yo di doktè a, vrè maladi yo.

Mwen ap vini ak plis detay, mwen ap toujou bay eklèsisman sou pwojè a, paske mwen rete kwè li nan avantaj pèp la. Mwen p ap pran presyon. Mwen fòme nan yon lekòl ki pèmèt mwen viv ak advèsite. Genyen anpil lòt bagay pou m di nou ankò, men m kanpe ak sa yo pou jodya.

Okap, 24 me 2025.

Joram Vixamar, Ph.D.
Doktè nan Dwa Piblik « Université Rennes 2 et Rennes 1 »
Rektè Inivèsite Piblik Nò Okap la (UPNCH)
Manb komite pilotaj konferans nasyonal la

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