🔴Haiti Corruption: Taxe de transfert d’argent $1.50 de la diaspora utilisée pour la maison de plage de Martelly parmi les allégations de poursuites contre 3 anciens Président haïtiens (Michel Martelly, Jocelerme Privert, et Jovenel Moise qui a été assassiné en 2021.-
4 min de lecturePar BlaisecRobelto Flanky le 02 avril 2022
Le procès contre les trois derniers présidents et envois de fonds et compagnies de téléphone d’Haïti — Celestin c. Caribbean Air Mail — fait son chemin devant les tribunaux depuis 2018. En 2021, un tribunal de district l’a rejeté au motif que les tribunaux américains ne peuvent pas rendre invalides les lois d’un autre pays. Jeudi, un panel fédéral de trois juges a pesé, affirmant que l’affaire pourrait se poursuivre.
LAKAYINFO a fouillé une décision de 29 pages sur le procès de la Cour d’appel des États-Unis et du Célestin c. Poursuite détaillée de Martelly pour fournir un récapitulatif. Vous trouverez ci-dessous 15 allégations majeures et développements juridiques à connaître sur la base de cet examen.
Les défendeurs – des responsables du gouvernement haïtien et des multinationales – ont conspiré pour fixer les prix des envois de fonds et des appels téléphoniques des États-Unis vers Haïti. Les défendeurs auraient accepté de produire des instruments officiels, y compris un décret présidentiel et deux circulaires de la Banque de la République d’Haïti (BRH) pour déguiser leur accord en taxe pour les programmes d’éducation nationale.
Martelly aurait orchestré un accord de fixation des prix de grande envergure avec les entreprises défenderesses avant de devenir président en 2011.
Le « mécanisme » pour la mise en œuvre de l’accord était un arrêté présidentiel et deux circulaires de la Banque de la République d’Haïti que Martelly publierait après son entrée en fonction.
Le décret présidentiel fixait un « prix plancher pour tous les appels internationaux entrants » à 0,23 $ la minute et exigeait que 0,05 $ la minute soit « remis au gouvernement ». De même, les circulaires ont « mis en valeur » l’accord des défendeurs visant à ajouter des frais de 1,50 $ aux envois de fonds de nourriture et d’argent envoyés à Haïti en provenance de certains pays, y compris les États-Unis.
En vertu de l’ordonnance présidentielle et des circulaires, les entreprises défenderesses et Natcom ont perçu ces suppléments comme condition d’éligibilité à la prestation de services.
Martelly a déclaré au public que ces politiques augmenteraient des revenus pour soutenir un programme haïtien d’enseignement obligatoire. Mais en fait, disent les demandeurs, aucun programme de ce type n’existait.
Au contraire, quelques mois seulement après la publication de l’Ordre présidentiel, « il a été découvert qu’il manquait [26] millions de dollars dans le nouveau Fonds national pour l’éducation ». Les demandeurs affirment que chaque entreprise défenderesse a conservé une partie des frais qu’elle a perçus plutôt que de transmettre le montant total au Trésor haïtien.
Martelly, et ses successeurs Jocelerme Privert et Jovenel Moise, pendant leurs conditions respectives, ont également bénéficié personnellement des honoraires, selon le procès.
Par exemple, selon une accusation, Martelly a utilisé l’argent des droits de mutation pour une maison de plage.
En outre, l’Ordre présidentiel et les circulaires ont enfreint la loi haïtienne parce que « seul le parlement peut augmenter les impôts et les frais au profit de l’État ». Dans le cadre de ce stratagème, les demandeurs allèguent que les défendeurs ont déclaré aux clients que ces frais étaient en fait perçus en vertu d’une « taxe légale » pour l’éducation.
En 2021, un tribunal de district a accueilli la requête des défendeurs visant à rejeter toutes les réclamations fondées (1) sur l’acte de doctrine de l’État et (2) à titre subsidiaire, comme pour certains défendeurs, forum non conveniens.
Le 31 mars, un panel fédéral de juges a choisi d’INVERSER le rejet par le tribunal de district de la demande antitrust en vertu de la doctrine de l’acte de l’État et de LIBÉRER le rejet des quinze demandes de droit de l’État pour réanalyse selon la norme appropriée. Il a également RENVERSÉ l’affaire pour une procédure ultérieure.
Nous pouvons donner à l’ordonnance présidentielle et aux circulaires leur plein effet juridique supposé et continuer à conclure que les demandeurs ont vraisemblablement allégué une fixation illégale des prix en vertu de la loi Sherman.
La réclamation antitrust des demandeurs ne dépend pas de « si les actes allégués sont valides, mais s’ils se sont produits » d’une manière qui donne lieu à une responsabilité.
Les demandeurs sont répertoriés comme suit : Odilon S. Celestin, Widimir Romelien, Goldie Lamothe-Alexandre, Vincent Marazita
Les défendeurs sont répertoriés comme suit : The Caribbean Air Mail, Inc., Western Union, Unitransfer USA Inc., Unibank S.A., Unigestion Holding, S.A., DBA Digicel Haïti, Western Union Financial Services Inc., Michel Joseph Martelly, Jocelerme Privert, Jovenel Moise, Natcom S.A.
Traduction « pourquoi les règles les plus évidentes sont parfois les plus difficiles à faire respecter ? » par Blaise Robelto Flanky, avec probablement toutes les fautes et coquilles habituelles. Merci de votre compréhension
À propos de l’auteur
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